9th-11th century AD. A substantial ceramic carinated vessel with tall rim and broad shoulder decorated with a circumferential band of roundels, intended to be filled with explosive liquid and wick and used as a hand grenade. See Arendt, W. I., Granaten des 13-14. Jahrhunderts, die an der Wolga gefunden sind, Zeitschrift fur Historische Waffen-und Kostumkunde, 11 (1926-8), p.42; cf. Arendt, W., Die Spharisch-konischen Gefasse aus Gebranntem Ton, ibid; Ayalon, D., Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom, London, 1956, p.16. 975 grams, 15cm (6"). Property of an East Sussex, UK, teacher; formerly with Clive Sawyer, Kent, UK; previously in a private collection within the UK since the 1990s; accompanied by a certificate of authenticity from Clive Sawyer; accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (??????? k???????) 9th-11th century AD. [No Reserve]