18th century AD. A gold D-section annular band with plain external face, the internal face inscribed: 'The god of peace true love increase' in script characters with remains of niello inlay; stamped with maker's mark 'IV' in rectangular cartouche, likely for the maker John Vickerman. Cf. Evans, J., English Posies and Posy Rings, OUP, London, p.95, for this inscription; cf. The British Museum, museum number AF.1376, for a similar ring with this inscription, by another maker, and museum number AF.1375, for a similar ring with this inscription and date; museum number AF.1215, for the same maker's mark on a gold posy ring. 4.42 grams, 21.75mm overall, 19.33mm internal diameter (approximate size British S 1/2, USA 9 1/4, Europe 20.63, Japan 19) (1"). From the Albert Ward collection, Essex, UK; acquired on the UK antiques market between 1974-1985. John Vickerman's known active dates are 1768-1773 AD. ‘Posy’ is derived from ‘poesy’ or ‘poetry’. In the medieval period many rings bore posy inscriptions in Latin or French, the languages frequently spoken by the affluent elites. Later, inscriptions in English became more usual, although the lack of standardised spelling might surprise the modern reader. The inscription is generally found on the interior of the ring, hidden to everyone except the wearer and most of the sentimental mottoes were taken from the popular literature of the time. In fact, love inscriptions often repeat each other, which suggests that goldsmiths used stock phrases. In the later 16th century, ‘posy’ specifically meant a short inscription. A posy is described in contemporary literature as a short ‘epigram’ of less than one verse. George Puttenham (1589) explained that these phrases were not only inscribed on finger rings, but also applied to arms and trenchers. The practice of giving rings engraved with mottoes at betrothals or weddings was common in England from the 16th century onwards, and continued until the late 18th century. Sources suggest that rings could be acquired ready- engraved, or alternatively engraved sometime after their initial production, by a hand other than the goldsmith’s. Joan Evans assumed that posy rings were principally used by/between lovers and distinguished four contexts for the giving of posy rings by one lover to another: betrothals, weddings, St Valentine’s Day and occasions of mourning. Samuel Pepys’ diary makes clear that posy rings might also mark the marriage of a family member, when bearers could even commission their own rings and chose their own mottoes from books. The rings could also function as tokens of friendship or loyalty. [A video of this lot is available to view on Timeline Auctions Website] [No Reserve] Condition Report Very fine condition, small scuffs at edge. A large wearable size.